Stygmergia v obrazovanii

Стигмергия в образовании

Description

Стигмергия

Стигмергия (от др.-греч. στίγμα — знак, метка, и ἔργον — действие, работа) — механизм спонтанного непрямого взаимодействия между индивидами, заключающийся в оставлении индивидами в окружающей среде меток, стимулирующих дальнейшую активность других индивидов. Стигмергия является одной из форм самоорганизации, создающая сложные, казалось бы, интеллектуальные структуры, но без какого-либо планирования, контроля, или даже прямой связи между индивидами. Как таковая, она поддерживает эффективное сотрудничество между чрезвычайно простыми индивидами, у которых нет памяти, интеллекта или даже осведомленности друг о друге. Предположительно, стигмергия является децентрализованным сетевым свойством коллективного взаимодействия термитов.

Инструменты

• Моделирование: NetLogo (модели Termites, Ants, MutualisticNetwork)

(Оставить 1 модееееель)

• Анализ данных и программирование: R (tidyverse, ggplot2, lmtest)
• Среда реализации: Поле цифровой дидактики (SMW)

Участники

• Кира Софронова
• Маргарита Еськова
• Анастасия Юдаева

Распределение работы

• Кира Софронова - сделать З̸̧͖̫̫҇̀̇̑а҈̧̞̟̽͡д҉̨̜̒̽̕а̷͚̲̗҇̎̅̓͢ч̷̡̲̂̑͠а҈̨̱͎́̂͞
• Маргарита Еськова - сделать З̸̧͖̫̫҇̀̇̑а҈̧̞̟̽͡д҉̨̜̒̽̕а̷͚̲̗҇̎̅̓͢ч̷̡̲̂̑͠а҈̨̱͎́̂͞
• Анастасия Юдаева - сделать З̸̧͖̫̫҇̀̇̑а҈̧̞̟̽͡д҉̨̜̒̽̕а̷͚̲̗҇̎̅̓͢ч̷̡̲̂̑͠а҈̨̱͎́̂͞

План работы

1. Настройка экспериментов в BehaviorSpace.
2. Генерация и выгрузка данных.
3. Регрессионный анализ и проверка гипотез в R.
4. Оформление выводов и визуализация (RAWGraphs).

Результаты

(Графики, таблицы и т.д.)

Ссылки

• Практикум по эконометрике (syllabus)

(Всё что использовали и что помогло при изучении - сюда)

Ants/Clone01

* Ants

Код

Пример 1

to circle
  layout-circle turtles max-pxcor - 2
end

ВАРИАНТ 1!!

Память муравьев по координатам

globals [
  food-source-number
  food-in-nest
  food-in-nest-history
  chemical-history
]

patches-own [
  chemical
  food
  food-source-number
  nest?
]

turtles-own [
  chemical
  food
  memory        ; список запомненных патчей (мест с едой)
]

;; ============================================
;; ИНИЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ
;; ============================================

to setup
  ca
  set-default-shape turtles "bug"
  ask patch 0 0 [ set nest? true set pcolor violet ]
  create-food-sources
  create-ants
  set food-in-nest 0
  set food-in-nest-history []
  set chemical-history []
  reset-ticks
end

to create-food-sources
  let number-of-food-sources 4
  set food-source-number number-of-food-sources
  let angle 0
  let radius (max-pxcor - 5)
  let angle-step 360 / number-of-food-sources
  repeat number-of-food-sources [
    let xcor radius * cos angle
    let ycor radius * sin angle
    ask patch xcor ycor [
      set food 1
      set pcolor green
      set food-source-number angle
    ]
    set angle angle + angle-step
  ]
end

to create-ants
  create-turtles 50 [
    setxy 0 0
    set color red
    set chemical 0
    set food 0
    set memory []
    set label ""
  ]
end

;; ============================================
;; ОСНОВНОЙ ЦИКЛ
;; ============================================

to go
  if all? turtles [food = 1] [ stop ]
  ask turtles [
    if nest? and food = 1 [ drop-food ]
    if not nest? [ move ]
    if food-here > 0 and food = 0 [ pick-up-food ]
    if not nest? [ lay-chemical ]
  ]
  diffuse chemical 0.5
  ask patches [
    set chemical chemical * 0.95
    if chemical < 0.01 [ set chemical 0 ]
    if not nest? [
      set pcolor scale-color gray chemical 0 10
    ]
  ]
  forget-stale-memory
  update-plots
  tick
end

;; ============================================
;; ПАМЯТЬ (ОСНОВНАЯ ЛОГИКА)
;; ============================================

to pick-up-food
  set food 1
  set color orange
  set label "F"
  set food-here 0
  ask patch-here [ set food 0 set pcolor gray ]
end

to drop-food
  set food 0
  set color red
  set label ""
  set food-in-nest food-in-nest + 1
end

to lay-chemical
  ask patch-here [ set chemical chemical + 60 ]
end

to move
  ; используем память, если энергии мало и есть воспоминания
  if energy < 100 and length memory > 0 [
    let closest-patch min-one-of memory [distance myself]
    if closest-patch != nobody [
      face closest-patch
      fd 1
      stop
    ]
  ]
  ; иначе обычное движение по феромону
  if chemical > 0.5 [
    uphill-chemical
  ]
  fd 1
end

to uphill-chemical
  let best-patch patch-here
  let best-value chemical
  ask neighbors [
    if chemical > best-value [
      set best-value chemical
      set best-patch self
    ]
  ]
  if best-patch != patch-here [
    face best-patch
  ]
end

to forget-stale-memory
  if length memory > 0 [
    let to-remove []
    foreach memory [ mem-patch ->
      if [food] of mem-patch = 0 [
        set to-remove lput mem-patch to-remove
      ]
    ]
    foreach to-remove [ rm-patch ->
      set memory remove rm-patch memory
    ]
  ]
end

to update-plots
  ; заглушка для графиков
end

globals [
  total-food-count
  food-history-list
  chemical-history-list
]

patches-own [
  chemical-amount
  food-amount
  is-nest?
  nest-scent-value
  food-source-id
]

turtles-own [
  chemical-carrying
  food-carrying
  energy-level
  memory-list
]

to setup
  clear-all
  set-default-shape turtles "bug"
  create-turtles population
  [ set size 2
    set color red
    set chemical-carrying 0
    set food-carrying 0
    set energy-level 200
    set memory-list [] ]
  setup-patches
  set total-food-count 0
  set food-history-list []
  set chemical-history-list []
  reset-ticks
end

to setup-patches
  ask patches
  [ setup-nest
    setup-food
    recolor-patch ]
end

to setup-nest
  set is-nest? (distancexy 0 0) < 5
  set nest-scent-value 200 - distancexy 0 0
end

to setup-food
  if (distancexy (0.6 * max-pxcor) 0) < 5
  [ set food-source-id 1 ]
  if (distancexy (-0.6 * max-pxcor) (-0.6 * max-pycor)) < 5
  [ set food-source-id 2 ]
  if (distancexy (-0.8 * max-pxcor) (0.8 * max-pycor)) < 5
  [ set food-source-id 3 ]
  if food-source-id > 0
  [ set food-amount one-of [1 2] ]
end

to recolor-patch
  ifelse is-nest?
  [ set pcolor violet ]
  [ ifelse food-amount > 0
    [ if food-source-id = 1 [ set pcolor cyan ]
      if food-source-id = 2 [ set pcolor sky  ]
      if food-source-id = 3 [ set pcolor blue ] ]
    [ set pcolor scale-color green chemical-amount 0.1 5 ] ]
end

to go
  ask turtles
  [ if who >= ticks [ stop ]
    set energy-level energy-level - 1
    if energy-level <= 0 [ die ]
    ifelse color = red
    [ look-for-food  ]
    [ return-to-nest ]
    wiggle
    fd 1 ]
  diffuse chemical-amount (diffusion-rate / 100)
  ask patches
  [ set chemical-amount chemical-amount * (100 - evaporation-rate) / 100
    recolor-patch ]
  forget-stale-memory
  tick
end

to return-to-nest
  ifelse is-nest?
  [ set color red
    set food-carrying 0
    set energy-level energy-level + 100
    set total-food-count total-food-count + 1
    rt 180 ]
  [ set chemical-carrying chemical-carrying + 60
    set chemical-amount chemical-amount + 60
    uphill-nest-scent ]
end

to look-for-food
  if food-amount > 0
  [ set food-carrying 1
    set color orange + 1
    set food-amount food-amount - 1
    rt 180
    if use-memory? [
      set memory-list lput patch-here memory-list
      if length memory-list > 15 [ set memory-list but-last memory-list ]
    ]
    stop ]
  if use-memory? and energy-level < memory-threshold and length memory-list > 0 [
    let memory-agentset patch-set memory-list
    let closest-patch min-one-of memory-agentset [distance myself]
    if closest-patch != nobody [
      face closest-patch
      stop
    ]
  ]
  if (chemical-amount >= 0.05) and (chemical-amount < 2)
  [ uphill-chemical ]
end

to uphill-chemical
  let scent-ahead chemical-scent-at-angle   0
  let scent-right chemical-scent-at-angle  45
  let scent-left  chemical-scent-at-angle -45
  if (scent-right > scent-ahead) or (scent-left > scent-ahead)
  [ ifelse scent-right > scent-left
    [ rt 45 ]
    [ lt 45 ] ]
end

to uphill-nest-scent
  let scent-ahead nest-scent-at-angle   0
  let scent-right nest-scent-at-angle  45
  let scent-left  nest-scent-at-angle -45
  if (scent-right > scent-ahead) or (scent-left > scent-ahead)
  [ ifelse scent-right > scent-left
    [ rt 45 ]
    [ lt 45 ] ]
end

to wiggle
  rt random 40
  lt random 40
  if not can-move? 1 [ rt 180 ]
end

to-report nest-scent-at-angle [angle]
  let p patch-right-and-ahead angle 1
  if p = nobody [ report 0 ]
  report [nest-scent-value] of p
end

to-report chemical-scent-at-angle [angle]
  let p patch-right-and-ahead angle 1
  if p = nobody [ report 0 ]
  report [chemical-amount] of p
end

to forget-stale-memory
  ask turtles [
    if length memory-list > 0 [
      let to-forget []
      foreach memory-list [ mem-patch ->
        if [food-amount] of mem-patch = 0 [
          set to-forget lput mem-patch to-forget
        ]
      ]
      foreach to-forget [ forget-patch ->
        set memory-list remove forget-patch memory-list
      ]
    ]
  ]
end

; Copyright 1997 Uri Wilensky.
; See Info tab for full copyright and license.

}

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