Свойство:Genome Structure
Материал из Поле цифровой дидактики
Это свойство типа Текст.
A
Acetobacter bacterial genomes currently have yet to be sequenced. +
There are currently no genome project held for this archaeon. The G+C content of its DNA, however, is found to be 53.8%. +
While there is much information available on the types of infections Acinetobacter causes, relatively few studies have been performed on the bacteria's genetics. Because Acinetobacters are very resistant to antibiotics and are difficult to differentiate between species when isolated from patients, learning more about their DNA will help develop better drugs to control outbreaks of the infection. +
The genome of the circular chromosome of the PCC 7120 strain of Anabaena has been sequenced. It contains 1 chromosome with 6,413,771 base pairs with 5,368 predicted protein-coding regions, and six plasmids ranging from 408,101 base pairs to 5,584 base pairs. The sequencing of the anabaena genome will aid researchers in studying the genetics and physiology of cellular differentiation, (as exhibited in the heterocycsts of Anabaena) pattern formation, and nitrogen fixation. +
B
Because of the need for a vaccine, the genome sequence of Babesia bovis is currently being mapped. +
Diatoms evolved when a heterotroph, a single-celled microbe, engulfed a kind of red alga. The two became one organism, a process called endosymbiosis, and swapped genetic material creating a new hybrid genome. Thalassiosira pseudonana has 34 megabase pairs which encode approximately 11,400 proteins also 129,00 base pair plastid and 44,000 base pair mitochondrial genome +
Кольцевая хромосома Bifidobacterium longum имеет геном длиной приблизительно 2 260 000 п.н. с содержанием GC 60%. Проводятся дополнительные исследования по секвенированию других видов бифидобактерий, особенно для понимания их пробиотических свойств. +
C
The sequences of both Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae have been determined with the hope that a comparison between the two genomes will significantly enhance the understanding of both pathogens. Identification of genes particular to one or the other species could indicate mutually exclusive biological, virulence, and pathogenesis capabilities, while genes the two have in common will help researchers better understand the metabolic capabilities necessary for living in a human host. +
M
M. luteus has one of the smallest genomes of all bacteria. Hybridization studies show no close genetic relationship among the species of Micrococcus. For example, M. luteus and M. lylae are 40-50% genetically different. M. luteus has a G-C content of 65-75 mol%. M. varians has a G-C content of 66-72mol%. About half of the strains of M. luteus were found to carry plasmids 1 to 100MDa in size. So far two genome sequences have been done, one on Micrococcus sp. 28 plasmid pSD10 and another on Micrococcus luteus plasmid pMLU1.
M. luteus имеет один из самых маленьких геномов среди всех бактерий. Гибридизационные исследования показывают отсутствие тесной генетической связи между видами Micrococcus. Например, M. luteus и M. lylae генетически различаются на 40-50%. У M. luteus содержание G-C составляет 65-75 моль%. У M. varians содержание G-C составляет 66-72 моль%. Было обнаружено, что около половины штаммов M. luteus несут плазмиды размером от 1 до 100 МДа. К настоящему времени было проведено два геномных анализа: один - плазмиды pSD10 Micrococcus sp. 28, другой - плазмиды pMLU1 Micrococcus luteus. +
Both the genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae have been sequenced with hopes of gaining further understanding of how to defeat the infamously successful pathogens. The genome of M. tuberculosis is 4,411,522 base pairs long with 3,924 predicted protein-coding sequences, and a relatively high G+C content of 65.6%. At 4.4 Mbp, M. tuberculosis is one of the largest known bacterial genomes, coming in just short of E. coli, and a distant third to Streptomyces coelicolor. +
S
The entire genome of Streptomyces coelicolor was sequenced as of July 2001. The linear chromosome is 8,667,507 bp long and is predicted to contain 7,825 genes, about twice as many as typical free-living bacteria, making it the largest bacterial genome yet sequenced. The linear chromosome replicates from a central origin. The single chromosome also has a unique telomere structure. During replication the 5' end of the chromosome remains incomplete, resulting in a single strand of DNA at each end. The single strands have several replicating sequences that double over to form hairpin structures at either end of the chromosome, forming protective telomeres (Goshi et al.). Streptomyces avermitilis was also been sequenced in October 2001. It is 9,025,608 bp long, and has 7,575 ORFs assigned. This organism is a well known producer of the anti-parasitic agent avermectin which is widely used to rid livestock of worm and insect infestations and to protect large numbers of people from river blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. There are also two genome projects in the works for Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces ambofaciens +
