Patarakin в 07:10, 11 ноября 2023

2023-11-11T07:10:37Z

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			{{Scripting Tutorials
			\|Description=Как мы имитируем физические свойства внутри Scratch
			\|Field_of_knowledge=Физика, Game design
			\|Возрастная категория=14
			\|Environment=Scratch
			}}
	A platformer is a type of game distinguished by jumping across platforms and avoiding obstacles. In order to make the game realistic, more advanced scripting must be used.		A platformer is a type of game distinguished by jumping across platforms and avoiding obstacles. In order to make the game realistic, more advanced scripting must be used.

Patarakin в 12:11, 8 августа 2022

2022-08-08T12:11:47Z

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	~~{{April Fools}}~~
	~~{{about\|advanced platformer physics\|a basic platformer tutorial\|How to Make a Basic Platformer\|scrolling platformers\|Scrolling Platformer Tutorial}}~~
	A platformer is a type of game distinguished by jumping across platforms and avoiding obstacles. In order to make the game realistic, more advanced scripting must be used.		A platformer is a type of game distinguished by jumping across platforms and avoiding obstacles. In order to make the game realistic, more advanced scripting must be used.

Patarakin: 1 версия импортирована

2022-07-21T08:33:14Z

1 версия импортирована

← Предыдущая версия	Версия от 11:33, 21 июля 2022
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scratch>CrazyBoy826: /* Y movement */ remove in progress

2022-07-12T20:38:19Z

Y movement: remove in progress

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{{April Fools}}
{{about|advanced platformer physics|a basic platformer tutorial|How to Make a Basic Platformer|scrolling platformers|Scrolling Platformer Tutorial}}
A platformer is a type of game distinguished by jumping across platforms and avoiding obstacles. In order to make the game realistic, more advanced scripting must be used.

== Y movement ==
Because advanced simulations for platformers take more blocks of code, condensing it to a single custom block can simplify the script. A custom block, ticked '''run without screen refresh''' is needed.
<scratchblocks>define Platforming Scripts: Jump Height (J.H) max speed: (M.S) Acceleration: (A) friction: (F) Wall Jump X: (W.J.X) Wall Jump Y: (W.J.Y)</scratchblocks>
To make for realistic gravity, the amount the player moves down in will increase the longer the player is in the air. 1 variable is needed to store the value the player will move down by : <scratchblocks>(Yvel)//This stores the speed the player will move down by.
define Platforming Scripts: Jump Height (J.H) max speed: (M.S) Acceleration: (A) friction: (F) Wall Jump X: (W.J.X) Wall Jump Y: (W.J.Y)
change y by (Yvel)
change [Yvel v] by (-2)
if <(Yvel)<[-22]> then
set [Yvel v] to (-22) // this caps the player's max speed to -22
end
</scratchblocks>

=== Y-Collisions ===
In order for the player to collide with another entity like the level, the player needs to be pushed out of the level one pixel at a time until the player is out of the collision. To determine if the player collided with a ceiling, the player must check if the collision occurred during a jump, or when the "Yvel" variable is positive. If it is a ceiling collision, the player will be pushed out of the level downwards: <scratchblocks>
define Platforming Scripts: Jump Height (J.H) max speed: (M.S) Acceleration: (A) friction: (F) Wall Jump X: (W.J.X) Wall Jump Y: (W.J.Y)
change y by (Yvel)
change [Yvel v] by (-2)
if <(Yvel)<[-22]> then
set [Yvel v] to (-22)
end
if <touching [level v]> then
repeat until <not<touching [level v]>>
change y by ((([abs v] of (Yvel))/(Yvel))*(-1)) // this slowly pushes the player out of the collision on the y-axis.
end
set [Yvel v] to (0) // Sets the speed back to 0
</scratchblocks>

=== Jumping ===
Coding [[Jumping]] for the player requires the Yvel variable to be set to a positive value. However, the player must only jump when it collides the level.
<scratchblocks>
define Platforming Scripts: Jump Height (J.H) max speed: (M.S) Acceleration: (A) friction: (F) Wall Jump X: (W.J.X) Wall Jump Y: (W.J.Y)
change y by (Yvel)
change [Yvel v] by (-2)
if <(Yvel)<[-22]> then
set [Yvel v] to (-22)
end
if <touching [level v]> then
repeat until <not<touching [level v]>>
change y by ((([abs v] of (Yvel))/(Yvel))*(-1)) // this slowly pushes the player out of the collision on the y-axis.
end
set [Yvel v] to (0)
if <<key [up arrow v] pressed?> or <key [w v] pressed?> > then
set [Yvel v] to (J.H) // Jump height can be set to any positive value
end
</scratchblocks>

===Fixing the stick to the ceiling bug===
When the player collides with the ceiling and is still jumping, the player has a tendency to stick to the ceiling. To fix this, the player must only jump when the player is falling. A variable is needed to describe the direction the player is moving on the y-axis:<scratchblocks>(Ydir)</scratchblocks>
Integrate the "Ydir" variable in the platforming script: <scratchblocks>define Platforming Scripts: Jump Height (J.H) max speed: (M.S) Acceleration: (A) friction: (F) Wall Jump X: (W.J.X) Wall Jump Y: (W.J.Y)
change y by (Yvel)
change [Yvel v] by (-2)
set [Ydir v] to (([abs v] of (Yvel))/(Yvel)) // this quantifies the direction the player is moving on the y-axis
if <(Yvel)<[-22]> then
set [Yvel v] to (-22)
end
if <touching [level v]> then
repeat until <not<touching [level v]>>
change y by ((([abs v] of (Yvel))/(Yvel))*(-1)) // this slowly pushes the player out of the collision on the y-axis.
end
set [Yvel v] to (0)
if <<<key [up arrow v] pressed?> or <key [w v] pressed?>> and <(Ydir)<[0]> > then // Checks if the player is moving down when jumping
set [Yvel v] to (J.H) // Jump height can be set to any positive value
end</scratchblocks>

== X movement ==
The movement along the x-axis requires more code, as acceleration, friction, and side collisions are needed. The velocity of the player moving on the x-axis will be stored as a variable, called "Xvel":

== Hitboxes ==
{{main|Hitbox}}
If your player, avatar, etc. has arms, they will catch on the platforms (if your player is a smooth rectangle you can skip this). The answer to that is a hitbox. Create a new costume for your sprite and make it a filled rectangle about the size of your normal costume (the one it's showing). Then update your scripts like this:<scratchblocks>
when gf clicked
forever
switch costume to (hitbox v)
... //other scripts
switch costume to (regular v)
end</scratchblocks>

== Walking Momentum ==
To simulate momentum, it needs a gliding effect - after you stop pressing the left/right key, it "glides" to a stop instead of stopping right away. First, update the "move" block - '''replace''' the "change x" block with a "change speed x" block
<scratchblocks>
define move (dist)
change [speed x v] by (dist) //replace with this
... //the other scripts</scratchblocks>
Then, after the "check ground touch" block, add:
<scratchblocks>
when gf clicked
forever
switch costume to (hitbox v)
change [speed y v] by [-1]
change y by (speed y)
check ground touch::custom
set [speed x v] to ((speed x)*(0.8)) //add this!
change x by (speed x) //and this!
...
end</scratchblocks>

What this does is slowly (but not too slowly) speed up when you are pressing
the key, and slowly lose speed when you let go.

== See Also ==
* [[Platformer]]
* [[How to Make a Basic Platformer]]

[[Category:Game Design Tutorials]]
[[Category:Scripting Tutorials]]

Advanced Platformer Physics - История изменений

Patarakin в 07:10, 11 ноября 2023

Patarakin в 12:11, 8 августа 2022

Patarakin: 1 версия импортирована

scratch>CrazyBoy826: /* Y movement */ remove in progress