Anabaena

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Описание микроба	[[Description::Анабена (Шаблон:Lang-la) — род нитчатых цианобактерий (синезелёных водорослей), входит в состав планктона. Клетки округлые или бочонковидные, имеются гетероцисты. Для анабены характерно наличие специализированных клеток для переживания неблагоприятного периода – акинет. Известны своими азотфиксирующими способностями, образуют симбиотические отношения с определёнными растениями, такими, как некоторые папоротники. Являются одними из четырёх родов цианобактерий, которые производят нейротоксины, наносящими ущерб местной дикой природе, а также сельскохозяйственным и домашним животным.]]
Верхний таксон	Bacteria; Cyanobacteria; Nostocales; Nostocaceae; Anabaena
Species - виды	[[Species::Согласно базе данных AlgaeBase род Анабена включает следующие признанные виды и внутривидовые формы: Anabaena abnormis Proskina-Lavrenko & Makarova Anabaena aequalis Borge Anabaena aequalis f. anomala Kossinska [Kossinskaya] Anabaena aerophila Brabez Anabaena aeruginosa N.L.Gardner Anabaena alatospora Gonzalvez & Kamat Anabaena alatospora var. ona S.A.Guarrera & R.O.Echenique Anabaena allahabadii A.K.Mitra Anabaena ambigua var. unispora C.L.Sant’Anna Anabaena anisococca Migula Anabaena aspera Frémy Anabaena attenuata Kiselev Anabaena augstumalis Schmidle Anabaena augstumnalis Schmidle Anabaena australica Playfair Anabaena australica var. constricta Playfair Anabaena austroafricana Cronberg & Komárek Anabaena azotica Ley Anabaena baltica E.J.Schmidt Anabaena batophora Frémy Anabaena beckii G.De Toni Anabaena bederi Seckt Anabaena belmontica C.G.M.Archibald Anabaena berkeleyana Batters Anabaena bernardinensis Chodat & Zender Anabaena bharadwajae B.N.Prasad Anabaena bispora Gayral & Mazancourt Anabaena bolochonceviana Woronichin Anabaena bolochonzewii C.Meyer Anabaena bonariensis Seckt Anabaena bornetiana Collins Anabaena broomei Batters Anabaena californica Borge Anabaena carmichaelii Cronberg & Komárek Anabaena catenula Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault Anabaena cavanillesiana González Guerro Anabaena circinalis var. crassa Ghose Anabaena codicola Feldmann Anabaena confervoides Reinsch ex De Toni Anabaena contorta Bachmann Anabaena cupressaphila Wolle Anabaena cylindrica Lemmermann Anabaena cylindrica f. intermedia Elenkin Anabaena cylindrica var. fertilissima Tiwari & R.S.Pandey Anabaena cylindrospora Tschernov Anabaena delicatissima N.L.Gardner Anabaena delicatula var. robusta Eberly Anabaena discoidea (Schmidle) Ostenfeld Anabaena duplooyae H.Welsh Anabaena echinospora Skuja Anabaena echinospora var. yamano S.A.Guarrera & R.O.Echenique Anabaena elegans Sant’Anna Anabaena ellipsoidea (Compère) Komárek Anabaena elliptica Lemmermann Anabaena elongata Prescott Anabaena epiphytica N.L.Gardner Anabaena epiphytica Huber-Pestalozzi Anabaena felisii Bornet & Flahault Anabaena flosaquae f. spiroides Woronichin Anabaena flosaquae f. intermedia (Woronichin) Elenkin Anabaena flosaquae f. minor (West) Elenkin Anabaena flosaquae f. gracilis (Kleban) Elenkin Anabaena fullebornii Schmidle Anabaena fuscovaginata Mares Anabaena galpinii Claassen Anabaena geitleri De Toni Anabaena gerdii E.J.Carpenter & Janson Anabaena ghosei H.Welsh Anabaena glauca Schmidle Anabaena gracilis Messikommer Anabaena gregaria Zakrzewski Anabaena gregaria f. rotundata Zakrzewski Anabaena gregaria f. oblongata Zakrzewski Anabaena groenlandica Bachmann Anabaena hatueyi Komárek Anabaena hieronymii Lemmermann Anabaena hispida Gayral Anabaena hollerbachii Obukhova [Obuchova] Anabaena huberi De Toni Anabaena humicola Bortels Anabaena hunanensis C.-C.Jao Anabaena hyalina Schmidle Anabaena impalpabilis Bory ex Bornet & Flahault Anabaena inaequalis Bornet & Flahault Anabaena incerta P.J.L.Dangeard Anabaena incognita H.Welsh Anabaena indica Tiwari & Pandey Anabaena indica Zeller ex Bornet & Flahault Anabaena irregularis I.F.Lewis, C.Zirkle & R.Patrick Anabaena iyengari Bharadwaja Anabaena iyengari var. attenuata C.B.Rao Anabaena jeejiae Komárek Anabaena jonssonii J.B.Petersen Anabaena karakumica Kogan Anabaena kisselevii Proshkina-Lavrenko Anabaena kwangtungensis S.-H.Ley Anabaena lapponica Borge Anabaena lapponica f. insignis Kossinska [Kossinskaya] Anabaena laxa A.Braun Anabaena laxa var. hortensis Playfair Anabaena leonardii Compère Anabaena levanderi Lemmermann Anabaena lohammarii Skuja Anabaena luteola Schmidle Anabaena macrospora var. gracilis Lemmermann Anabaena macrospora var. robusta Lemmermann Anabaena macrospora f. crassa (Klebahn) Elenkin Anabaena manchurica Skvortzov Anabaena marina N.L.Gardner Anabaena marklei J.Copeland Anabaena mediocris N.L.Gardner Anabaena mehrai Vasishta Anabaena mesiana Claassen Anabaena minderi Huber-Pestalozzi Anabaena miniata Skuja Anabaena minima Chernov [Tschernov] Anabaena minuta Borzì Anabaena minuta H.Welsh Anabaena minutissima var. australis Skuja Anabaena minutissima var. attenuata Pridmore & C.S.Reynolds Anabaena minutissima Lemmermann Anabaena monilifera Frémy Anabaena multispora P.J.L.Dangeard Anabaena nodularioides Geitler & Ruttner Anabaena novizelandica Skuja Anabaena oblonga De Wildeman Anabaena orientalis S.C.Dixit Anabaena orientalis var. ellipsospora (C.B.Rao) Desikachary Anabaena orthogona West Anabaena oscillarioides Bory ex Bornet & Flahault — типовой вид рода Anabaena oscillarioides f. circinalis Playfair Anabaena oscillarioides f. torulosa Playfair Anabaena oscillarioides var. crassa Playfair Anabaena oscillarioides var. stenospora Bornet & Flahault Anabaena oscillarioides var. angusta Bharadwaja Anabaena oscillarioides var. angustus Bharadwaja Anabaena oscillarioides var. nova-zelandiae Lemmermann Anabaena oscillarioides f. elliptica (Kisselev) Elenkin Anabaena papillosa Hirano Anabaena paulseniana J.B.Petersen Anabaena perturbata H.Hill Anabaena pintoi González Guerrero Anabaena pirinica Petkoff Anabaena poulseniana J.B.Petersen Anabaena promecespora Frémy Anabaena pseudocatenula Claassen Anabaena pseudoconstricta Cholnoky Anabaena ramakaranae Bharadwaja Anabaena raytonensis Cholnoky Anabaena recta Geitler & Ruttner Anabaena repens Behre Anabaena robusta Kogan & Yazkuleva [Jazkulijeva] Anabaena saaremaaensis Skuja Anabaena salina Alten Anabaena salina Liebetanz Anabaena schauderi H.Welsh Anabaena scheremetieviae f. rotundispora Elenkin Anabaena scheremetievii var. ifniensis P.González Anabaena scheremetievii f. ovalispora Elenkin Anabaena scheremetievii var. incurvata Elenkin Anabaena scheremetievii f. ovalispora Schorbat Anabaena sedovii Kosinskaya Anabaena shankargarhii A.K.Varma Anabaena shensiensis C.-C.Jao Anabaena solicola Kondrateva Anabaena solitaria f. tenuis (Woronichin) Elenkin Anabaena sphaerica Bornet & Flahault Anabaena sphaerica f. major J.A.Rino Anabaena sphaerica var. tenuis G.S.West Anabaena sphaerica var. attenuata Bharadwaja Anabaena sphaerica f. tenuis G.S.West Anabaena sphaerica f. microsperma (Schmidle) Kossinskaja Anabaena sphagnicola Tarnavschi & Mitroiu Anabaena spinosa Laloraya & Mitra Anabaena spiroides f. africana (Nygaard) Pankow Anabaena spiroides f. minima (Nygaard) Kossinskaja Anabaena spiroides f. woronichiniana Elenkin Anabaena spiroides var. contracta Klebahn Anabaena spiroides var. talyschensis Woronichin Anabaena subdelicatula C.-C.Jao Anabaena subvariabilis R.E.M.Archibald Anabaena tatarica Kossinskaja Anabaena tenuis Messikommer Anabaena thermalis var. indica F.E.Fritsch Anabaena thermophila G.H.Schwabe Anabaena toruloides C.G.M.Archibald Anabaena torulosa Lagerheim ex Bornet & Flahault Anabaena torulosa var. tenuis (Lemmermann) Geitler Anabaena torulosa var. stenospora Bornet & Flahault Anabaena torulosa var. cylindracea (Playfair) Geitler Anabaena tschujskaja Obukhova Anabaena tsugarensis M.Watanabe Anabaena turkestanica (Kiselev) Komárek Anabaena tuzsonii Halász Anabaena variabilis var. cylindracea Playfair Anabaena variabilis var. vietnamensis T.N.H.Phung, Couté & P.Bourrelly Anabaena vaucheriae C.-C.Jao Anabaena verrucosa J.B.Petersen Anabaena volzii f. gelatinosa P.Bourrelly & Couté Anabaena werneri Brunnthaler Anabaena westii Virieux Anabaena willei N.L.Gardner Anabaena wisconsinensis Prescott Anabaena woodii G.De Toni.]]
Genome Structure= структура генома	The genome of the circular chromosome of the PCC 7120 strain of Anabaena has been sequenced. It contains 1 chromosome with 6,413,771 base pairs with 5,368 predicted protein-coding regions, and six plasmids ranging from 408,101 base pairs to 5,584 base pairs. The sequencing of the anabaena genome will aid researchers in studying the genetics and physiology of cellular differentiation, (as exhibited in the heterocycsts of Anabaena) pattern formation, and nitrogen fixation.
Cell Structure - клеточная структура	During times of low environmental nitrogen, about one cell out of every ten will differentiate into a heterocyst. Heterocysts then supply neighboring cells with fixed nitrogen in return for the products of photosynthesis, that they can no longer perform. This separation of functions is essential because the nitrogen fixing enzyme in heterocysts, nitrogenase, is unstable in the presence of oxygen.
Ecology= экология обитания	It is commonly accepted that cyanobacteria played a key role in the manufacturing of oxygen during the Precambrian period of earth's history. They perform oxygenic photosynthesis, very similar to that of eukaryotic plants and algae, by utilizing water as a reductant source, consequently producing molecular oxygen. Heterocysts, mentioned above, are terminally differentiated cells that specialize in nitrogen fixation. It is believed that the capacity for developing heterocysts first developed when the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere (largely produced by cyanobacteria) reached levels high enough to cause the inactivation of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme nitrogenase.

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Anabaena